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Commodity Market: Due to Tariff Delay, Oil Prices Fall and Copper Prices Rise

Trump’s back-and-forth regarding tariffs and the published inflation data in the U.S. have stabilized the macro mood and somewhat influenced the volatility of all markets, including commodity markets. Indeed, the world around us is currently very uncertain. Every day we can expect something new. It is no wonder that in such conditions key indicators fall one day and recover the next. Every day, analysts assess what has happened and what will happen. From ecstasy to despair and back in one or two days, then starting all over again. As it currently seems, U.S.-China trade tensions will be in the spotlight this week, all ahead of the ECB’s decision on a potential change in interest rates on Thursday and in the context of the upcoming Easter holidays (which means that exchanges and markets will operate shorter than usual this week).

Trump believes that the U.S. can outlast China in this trade war and that it is only a matter of time before China falters in some way. However, tensions between the U.S. and China will last a long time, as China views all of this as a struggle for its global power. However, how many American products can pass through Hong Kong to avoid Chinese tariffs?

The U.S. plan to devalue debt through dollar devaluation is working, and it simultaneously achieves another goal, which is to favor U.S. exports. The dollar is at a level of about 1.14 against the euro, and the technical target is now 1.20, which is an unambiguous factor for decline. But there is a problem and a contraindication: distrust in U.S. Treasuries is rising, yields are increasing, and the futures price of gold is reaching new records, currently above $3200 per ounce.

The VIX, the fear index, has risen by more than 20 percent, while gas and oil have significantly lost value. Fears are growing that China, as the largest holder of U.S. Treasuries, could lighten part of its portfolio due to escalating trade tensions with the U.S. The exit of investors from U.S. assets affects not only government bonds but also the dollar, which has been considered the ultimate safe haven for decades. The U.S. has a historic opportunity to help restore monetary integrity by issuing gold-backed and other decentralized treasury instruments. But time is running out.

Oil Prices Fall, Gas Prices Stable

On global markets, oil prices have fallen for the second consecutive week, after plummeting more than 10 percent the week before. The price of a barrel on the London market fell by 1.3 percent last week, while on the U.S. market, a barrel decreased by 0.8 percent. Most importantly, the futures price is at a level slightly above $60/bbl. The main driver in the market is fear of a tariff war between the U.S. and China, as well as the announcement of OPEC’s increase in production.

The drop in oil prices was halted after Trump decided mid-week to postpone the implementation of additional reciprocal tariffs on all countries except China for 90 days. Analysts estimate that the tariff war between the two largest economies in the world will reduce the volume of global trade and slow economic growth and demand for oil. China is the world’s largest oil importer. By the end of 2024, it purchased 553.4 million tons of oil, 1.9 percent less than in 2023. Of that, it bought 108.5 million tons from Russia, 78.64 million tons from Saudi Arabia, and 11 million tons from the U.S. Furthermore, despite expectations of reduced demand, leading oil producers plan to bring significantly more barrels to the market. Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria, and Oman will increase production by 411,000 barrels per day in May.

Just because oil prices have fallen 20 percent, to a 4-year low since Trump took office, does not mean that the price of oil is favorable. However, it does mean that it is cheap. But what is cheap could become cheaper. Right now, the market has factored in the economic slowdown and OPEC+ production higher than expected into the futures price. But oil traders have not yet factored in a potential recession in the U.S., let alone in China, nor the full price war instigated by Saudi Arabia, nor the combination of the aforementioned factors and risks. If these risks materialize, the price of oil could easily fall below $50/bbl, and perhaps even below $40/bbl. If the price of oil falls to those levels, can it remain at those levels for an extended period, measured in years rather than months? The answer is almost certainly “no” because supply and demand will quickly re-establish balance at those levels. And this opens opportunities for various investors, who are willing to even take significant but temporary losses relative to market prices, to enter into forward positions for oil delivery several years into the future. Over the last year or two, the outlook on oil has been bearish, but the risk-reward relationship is not the same when the price of a barrel is $60 and when it was close to $100 at the end of 2023.

Futures prices for European natural gas TTF have stabilized around the level of €34/MWh, after an 8 percent drop last week, to the lowest level in the last seven months. A slight recovery follows broader market optimism after the U.S. temporarily exempted some Chinese import products related to technology from tariffs, alleviating concerns about a recession that had been pressuring gas prices. Meanwhile, milder and windier weather across Europe is expected to boost gas injection into storage and reduce demand from the energy sector. European storage remains relatively low, just over 35 percent full after winter. Regarding policy, EU member states have agreed to allow flexibility in gas storage rules, permitting countries to fall 10 percentage points below the 90 percent storage filling target if market conditions are tough.

Agro Commodities in the Red

Last week, on the CBOT, the price of wheat rose by 5 percent, corn and soybean oil by 6.5 percent, and soybeans by 6.7 percent. At the same time, in Europe, wheat prices fell by 1.7 percent, and corn by 0.7 percent. Nevertheless, the new week begins with all crops in the red, on both sides of the Atlantic. Funds remain short overall (the only exception is corn and soybean oil where they have a long position). The short position in wheat is particularly notable – totaling 36.3 million tons. Definitely something to keep an eye on.

Last week’s USDA report had little impact on the market. We are in a period when prices on exchanges are not driven by fundamentals, but by the dollar. Estimated world stocks at the end of the season are mostly at levels expected by the market. Wheat 261 million tons, corn 288 million tons, and soybeans 123 million tons. In Brazil, Conab estimates the second corn harvest at 95.5 million tons, 6 percent higher than in 2024. In Ukraine, Argus estimates the wheat harvest at 23.7 million tons, 6 percent higher than last year and the highest in the last 4 years. APK, on the other hand, estimates the grain harvest in Ukraine at 57.5 million tons, 8 percent higher than in 2024. Corn is showing the best results with an 18 percent increase, to 29.2 million tons of production.

Copper Prices Rise

Futures prices for copper, after a sharp decline, rose mid-last week after optimism emerged among investors based on some of Trump’s statements, such as the exemption of certain products from tariffs. The Chinese Ministry of Commerce welcomed the exemptions as a ‘small step’, while simultaneously urging the U.S. to completely eliminate the broader 145 percent tax on Chinese goods.

Meanwhile, investors are closely monitoring the upcoming trade negotiations between the U.S. and key partners this week, including Japan, India, and South Korea. Copper prices have also received support due to expectations that the U.S. might impose tariffs on metals for national security reasons. This has increased the premium of U.S. copper futures over comparable contracts on the London Metal Exchange, as potential trade barriers threaten to burden already limited U.S. copper smelting capacities.