Home / Business and Politics / Who Buys Unicorns?

Who Buys Unicorns?

Image by: foto Shutterstock

Today, there are a million and one startups, and while some will successfully navigate the startup journey and become fully self-sufficient companies, others will fizzle out and simply fail. A very small number of these successful and selected startups will become worth more than one billion dollars, thus earning the title of unicorns. Although everyone knows about unicorns and is aware of which companies they are, achieving a valuation greater than one billion is actually a rare feat, and even rarer is the purchase of such a unicorn.

In the U.S., over the past 25 years, more than a thousand private startups have reached valuations of one billion dollars. While some of these startups eventually go public and become household names, often the founders exit the startups through mergers and acquisitions, and even more frequently sell the startup to someone else. In fact, since 1997, more than half of the 1110 unicorns in the U.S. have been sold in some way – whether through an IPO, direct listing, SPAC, or acquisition.

Ilya Strebulaev, a professor of finance and private equity at Stanford Graduate School of Business, presents this visualization showing the companies that have acquired the most unicorns in the last 25 years. Strebulaev’s database lists 137 private and public companies along with those that have purchased at least one unicorn from 1997 to the present, totaling 177 acquisitions.

The Largest U.S. Unicorn Buyers

A total of 27 companies have purchased two or more unicorns, accounting for nearly 38 percent of all acquisitions. 110 companies have purchased only one unicorn.

Meta, the parent company of Facebook, leads the group with the highest number of unicorn acquisitions in the U.S., having bought five unicorns since its founding in 2008, including: Kustomer, WhatsApp, Instagram, CTRL-Labs, and Oculus VR.

image

unicorn acquisitions

photo

Significantly, WhatsApp, which was acquired for 19 billion dollars, was Meta’s most expensive acquisition to date, even nine times larger than their next most expensive purchase, which was Oculus VR.

Meanwhile, Alphabet (now the parent company of Google) and Cisco are tied for second place with four unicorn acquisitions each in the U.S. Unlike their Big Tech peers, Apple has made only one unicorn acquisition in the U.S., which is the navigation company HopStop that helped introduce public transit features into Apple Maps.

Are Unicorn Acquisitions Slowing Down?

Unicorn acquisitions are driven by two factors: the speed of new unicorn creation and the broader environment for mergers and acquisitions transactions. To begin with, the environment for entrepreneurial financing greatly influences the emergence of new unicorns. Financing opportunities increase when interest rates are lowered, making riskier ideas of larger ventures more appealing.

During the last decade of persistently low interest rates until 2022, unicorns flourished more than ever. However, the era of ‘easy money’ may have come to an end, which means that for some time, at least until monetary policy stops tightening, unicorns may become a rare sight. Unicorn acquisitions may also face a similar fate. Ongoing inflation and antitrust measures are just some of the factors that have led to a decline in startup acquisitions to the lowest quarterly level in a decade.

Tagged: