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There is almost no larger agricultural land for sale, and price increases are possible as July 1 approaches

From July 1 of this year the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land to foreign citizens from the European Economic Area, i.e., from EU member states, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and Norway, will be lifted. The Ministry of Agriculture has announced that the moratorium can no longer be extended after the European Commission approved it in June 2020. Real estate experts say we can expect an increase in agricultural land prices, depending on which part of the country it concerns, i.e., where it is favorable to invest in agricultural production.

The only legal possibility for foreigners not to acquire land is that the state which has the right of first refusal buys the agricultural land. This is governed by the Agricultural Land Act, in the part concerning the sale of private agricultural land, but the right of first refusal applies only to agricultural lands larger than ten hectares in the continental part, or areas larger than one hectare in the coastal part. The Ministry of Agriculture emphasizes that in this context, in the new financial period (2023-2027), financial instruments will enable the purchase of agricultural land for young farmers without restrictions (in terms of the share of land price in total eligible expenses) through loans.

However, it seems that the main problem will not be the price, but the fact that there is almost no larger agricultural plots available. Because of this, says the director and owner of the Osijek real estate agency German Duško Grgur, land has long since become more expensive. Now, the highest quality land, in Baranja and the vicinity of Vukovar, is sold for 13 thousand euros per hectare, while the price generally ranges from a minimum of eight thousand euros per hectare in Slavonia, depending on its quality and size. Further west, it is somewhat cheaper; for example, in the areas of Nova Gradiška, Bjelovar, and Daruvar, the price is between seven and a maximum of eight thousand euros, says Grgur, but even there it is scarce.

– I am talking about lands of ten hectares and more. This is highly sought after because people want to invest, and as soon as such land is offered, it is sold immediately. Land of a few hectares is not as sought after because it usually does not involve planning a large business, unless someone wants, for example, to connect their land with the one next to it – says Grgur.

Foreign Buyer

This, otherwise the president of the Croatian Chamber of Commerce’s real estate professional group, says that he already has about 30 registered buyers waiting in line to purchase land, among them several foreign individuals. But there is no land, as we mentioned, and due to the liberalization of the agricultural land sales, Grgur expects that the price of the highest quality land will soon rise to 15 thousand euros per hectare.

Land in Lika is even more expensive, where the price has exceeded what Slavonia will only reach. One hectare in Lika costs 16 thousand euros, it is suitable for livestock and certain crop plantations, so the owner of the Karlovac real estate agency Arka global Marin Vrnoga will take a buyer from a foreign country in a few days to take soil samples from an area of 21 hectares. Vrnoga also expects that land prices could rise as July 1 approaches this year, as he does not rule out the possibility of interest from other countries.

As for the Karlovac area, the price there is lower and ranges from six thousand euros, but can reach, he claims, 13 thousand euros. The main criterion is the size of the land; the larger it is, the higher the price, but Vrnoga, like Grgur, says that there are very few larger agricultural plots for sale.

Prices are skyrocketing as we move towards Istria, where prices range from two euros per square meter (20 thousand euros per hectare) to an incredible 40 euros per square meter (400 thousand euros per hectare). It is similar in the vicinity of Zagreb, and all of this is told to us by Tajana Tikulin, a licensed agent and owner of the Zagreb agency Efron nekretnine.

– The parcels are usually smaller, but larger estates can also be found. For example, our agency offers agricultural land with a water connection near Pula of 20 hectares at a price of 6.5 euros per square meter, which is close to the average price in that area – says Tikulin.

This means that the price of one hectare of agricultural land in Istria averages 65 thousand euros. She adds that prices during the pandemic in Istria were somewhat cheaper for those lands near interesting locations for investors and were largely sold at that time. However, Tikulin emphasizes that it is difficult to answer the question about agricultural land prices in a simple way because each property is a story in itself. Nevertheless, she adds, there are some laws that affect everything; for example, among the crucial factors are location, plantations, water…

– Are there plantations in the field, what is their quality, what is their age, is it fenced, is there a well or water connection, and how much digging is needed to reach the main water supply? Answers to these and similar questions can determine the achievement of a certain price – says Tikulin.

Additional Factors Affecting Prices

In the Varaždin area, the price is somewhat lower than in Slavonia, Lika, the Zagreb ring, and Istria, ranging from 50 euro cents per square meter to sometimes up to one euro, as confirmed by the owners of two local real estate agencies. This depends on the location, quality of the land, which agricultural crop is in question, as well as the size of the parcel. This practically means that agricultural land of one hectare would cost five thousand euros, sometimes even more. The price of agricultural land there has not significantly changed in recent years.

Takulin emphasizes that it is difficult to predict whether land prices will rise after July 1, as so far, Efron nekretnine has not noticed that the interest of foreigners in agricultural land is significantly higher than it was before. If there is interest, they believe it will grow gradually. However, she adds, a price increase can be expected not only due to the possibility of selling to foreigners from the European Economic Area but also due to inflation itself. In addition, she highlights another interesting factor that could influence the increase in demand and thus prices.

– And the increasingly expensive construction area is forcing the local population to turn to still affordable agricultural land where they will set up something temporary or modular, which is sold under the name ‘weekend land.’ This phenomenon also affects the price increase of certain areas of agricultural land. Furthermore, the sale of agricultural land could be influenced by the land consolidation program planned for the period until 2026. By consolidating smaller parcels, foreign investment will become more likely. But I am not a prophet; we live in very interesting times, so it is difficult to predict anything – says Tikulin.

She reminds that owners of agricultural land in Croatia cannot be foreign legal and natural persons. Of course, unless otherwise specified by international agreements and special regulations, as there are examples where foreigners establish companies as legal entities and purchase agricultural land based on agreements between their country and Croatia (agreement on the right to purchase real estate based on reciprocity). Because of this, Efron nekretnine receives inquiries from foreign citizens for the purchase of agricultural land.

– Our agency also offers a larger olive grove with over 500 perennial quality olives, which we believe will eventually be purchased by foreigners. Namely, foreigners have long been able to buy agricultural land through their companies that they have opened in Croatia – says Tikulin.

Accelerated Lease Process

When it comes to leasing agricultural land, Grgur says that in Slavonia, the annual price ranges from 200 to 270 euros per hectare. The Ministry of Agriculture states that when it comes to state agricultural land, the predominant form of use is leasing. With the latest amendments to the Agricultural Land Act, they note, for the first time, urgent public tenders for leasing state-owned agricultural land are prescribed.

– Local self-government units are tasked with announcing public tenders for leasing free state-owned agricultural land within six months of obtaining consent to the Agricultural Land Management Program, as well as agricultural land that is used without a valid legal basis. This law also stipulates that the Ministry of Agriculture takes over the management of state-owned agricultural land if local self-government units do not do so within the prescribed deadlines – the Ministry announces.

They add that electronic implementation of public tenders for leasing will also be introduced, and a scoring system for determining the most favorable bidder is prescribed. According to the strategic priorities set by the Ministry, the highest number of points is awarded to bidders who achieve higher added value (production, processing…) on state-owned agricultural land, previous holders, residents, and young holders of family farms.

In relation to the management of state-owned agricultural land, the Ministry of Agriculture states in its response that amendments to the Agricultural Land Act prescribe, among other things, the obligation and deadline for submission or preparation of the Economic Program for contracts that contain a provision on the Economic Program as an integral part of the contract.

In addition, additional measures for controlling the management of state-owned agricultural land are prescribed through the inclusion of the Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food (HAPIH) in soil control and control of the implementation of agrotechnical measures. Offenses for unauthorized use of state-owned agricultural land, for failing to submit an annual report on the implementation of economic programs, are also foreseen, and administrative control of the fulfillment of economic programs by the Ministry of Agriculture and local self-government units is introduced.

There is not much state agricultural land for sale, but past experiences tell us that even without foreigners, there is a strong demand for leasing rights. The same situation applies to private agricultural land, which, if sold, the owner quickly finds a buyer even without foreigners. Foreigners could only somewhat increase demand, so an increase in agricultural land prices can be expected.

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