Home / Finance / Freight Forwarders as Consultants: Companies with Long-Term Partners Profit

Freight Forwarders as Consultants: Companies with Long-Term Partners Profit

The current state of freight forwarding, and logistics in general, has certainly been greatly influenced by the pandemic, but it has not had as much impact on the future. Even before the coronavirus, changes had begun that have only been accelerated by today’s crisis, but the main cause of the changes is digitalization. At this moment, companies with long-term partners and contracts in logistics are profiting, and the key advantage for all involved in long-term logistics relationships is the stability of freight rates and the guarantee of service execution. This is stated by Tomislav Bagarić, a member of the Management Board of Manšped, who emphasizes that classic freight forwarders, i.e., intermediaries in organizing transportation, have been in constant decline over the past five years. The reason for this lies in the more aggressive approach of ‘capital-intensive logistics providers,’ as Bagarić calls them, who have increased investments in warehouses, fleets, ships, and other equipment in recent years.

– In recent years, such logistics providers have had to reduce prices due to the pressure created by freight forwarders, while at the same time having to repay their large investments, and precisely because of this, fewer and fewer of them are trying to avoid the services of freight forwarders as intermediaries, and more and more are directly contracting jobs through various platforms, without them – says Bagarić.

A Year for Introspection

Jobs are still contracted in the old way, but also through online platforms. Bagarić adds that during the pandemic, e-commerce platforms took over the transport and logistics market and established themselves as freight forwarders, i.e., intermediaries in organizing the transportation of the future. Although he notes that one e-commerce platform cannot take over the entire supply chain, it will certainly take a serious share of the market in parcel and pallet distribution. Their IT solutions are moving towards integration into SAP and ordering systems, procurement, and inventory management of companies that, in addition to the above, directly communicate with the carrier and driver through their interface.

– The past year was a year for introspection, and we used it for restructuring, analyzing the services we provide, and preparing for the next pandemic or similar crisis situation that could paralyze the market and the environment in which we live and operate. Current trends are excellent, and in the first half of the year, despite the third wave and lockdown, we maintained the level of 2019, with expectations of significantly higher growth in the second half of the year, specifically in the third quarter when most profits in our sector are generated – says Bagarić.

In the upcoming period, Bagarić expects that the perception of logistics costs must change from short-term pressure on prices to reliable and sustainable service. In the past period, he says, we have witnessed drastic differences in the operations of companies whose goods are subject to short-term market influences and those whose activities and operations can function on long-term contracts with carriers, logistics providers, and shipping companies.

– I believe that everyone has learned a lesson from 2021, some in a positive sense, some in a negative sense, but certainly in the direction of long-term/stable relationships with their logistics providers – says Bagarić.

Important Specialization

Boris Vavra, Sales Director and Management Advisor for the maritime, air, and customs sector at Primacošped, also shared his view of the overall situation in the freight forwarding and logistics market, with the caveat that these are his personal views, not the company’s. He confirms that we are facing a continuation of changes, as he believes that the role of freight forwarders may not change that much, but the way of communication and the relationship with clients will definitely change. He explains that a freight forwarder ‘used to be just a freight forwarder (with a wide range of jobs they perform), while today they are more like a department of a client company. For example, Primacošped has employees who work in the office of their client where they also perform services for that client.

– Advisory services of freight forwarders are more important than ever, in all areas from international transport to customs or VAT calculations. The services will not change that much because there will always be an import declaration and customs representation, but in the future, freight forwarders will become completely invisible. For all service users, freight forwarders will become just an icon of an application on a mobile phone, tablet, or computer – says Vavra.

When discussing the current state, Vavra says that everyone is finding their way and doing business in their own way and notes that in recent years, specialization has become increasingly important in the freight forwarding business. Those who have not realized this in the conditions of international competition are finding it increasingly difficult to operate.

– Primaco has specialized in goods that are transported in temperature-controlled environments, and in recent years, this specialization has brought the most new revenue. Additionally, we have implemented Key Account Management in the customs department for large clients and thus provided better and higher quality customs representation services than a customs representative who has 50 clients and responds to 50 different requests. These changes are quite general and are not directly related to the pandemic; they would have occurred regardless of the pandemic, although the pandemic has accelerated them. Many Croatian freight forwarders have not been able to do this due to geographical limitations and limitations in human resources, although one must not forget the effect of the digital age that has surpassed many freight forwarders. If they do not keep up with it, they will be buried – says Vavra.

Changes in Customs

When it comes to the coronavirus, road transport has fared the best because truck drivers could only be in the cabins, thus self-isolated, so they could travel, while air and sea transport experienced the greatest changes. However, since not all road carriers transported goods during the lockdown, there was an increase in service prices despite low fuel prices, and the reason was the reduction in the supply of transport services.

– In customs clearance, there has been the greatest change in VAT because importers have started to calculate it themselves and no longer had to pay it immediately upon customs clearance of goods. Border crossings to countries where there were quarantines have actually been left without local business. For example, there was no travel from Serbia to Italy, so the Erdut border crossing operated much less. From all these changes, we hope that only this change related to VAT will remain because everything else is already changing, i.e., capacities are becoming stable as well as prices – says Vavra.

Primacošped, he says, combines transport and freight forwarding services with customs representation, but the advantages of specialization have worked in its favor during the pandemic because, for example, they transport a lot of medicines that are always essential goods. During the pandemic, revenues were stable, they retained employees, and their profits grew. Of all revenues, 52 percent are generated from exports, which continues to grow.

– This year will be better for us than 2019, but it should be noted that Primaco underwent the internationalization of its business from 2017 to 2019, the benefits of which it began to reap in 2020 and this year – says Vavra.

Raising the Bar

We spoke with another freight forwarder, but he wanted to remain anonymous. The reason, he says, is that he works in a freight forwarding company but does not have permission from management to speak to the media. Nevertheless, the conversation began with the assertion that in Croatia, the term freight forwarding means various things – some mediation in transport at the lowest level, i.e., it is bought for, for example, nine kuna, marked up, and sold as an identical product/service for ten kuna.

– This mediation is slowly disappearing from the market in a time when you can find every segment of transport solutions online or in professional associations. Also, consider that serious retailers and manufacturers have logistics departments that surpass such freight forwarders in knowledge, experience, and available resources. However, today the bar is being raised to a higher level for freight forwarders, and specific knowledge, experience on significant projects, and primarily an innovative approach to logistics processes are required – says the interlocutor.

Another term for freight forwarding, he continues, that is used here is ‘customs forwarding.’ The first major crisis that hit customs representation jobs in exports, imports, transit, and other customs procedures occurred in 2013 with Croatia’s accession to the EU and the closure of customs offices at the border with other EU members and within Croatia. Most forwarders then closed their offices, and declarants reoriented themselves to mediation in organizing transport.

Accelerated Displacement

Today, the customs forwarding business is, to a lesser extent, he explains, related to border crossings and larger cities and customs terminals near larger economic entities, and to a greater extent related to the Adriatic ports of Rijeka and Ploče.

– In addition to existing customs mediation jobs in the transport of goods, a good customs declarant today provides consulting services in business with Customs and relevant inspection services for both the shipment of goods and everyday business. The trend of Customs in the EU is complete digitalization of all procedures that will facilitate direct connections between importers/exporters and Customs. This is where a new consulting function is being created that will displace the old job in customs forwarding – says the interlocutor.

He actually said everything that the other two interlocutors told us. In the future, freight forwarders will primarily become consultants because their clients will be able to procure previous freight forwarding services directly (without mediation), while retaining some of the old jobs to a lesser extent. The pandemic, which has shaken freight forwarders and the logistics services market in general, has only accelerated this process.