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State subsidies have not reached ‘good’ entrepreneurs

Total state subsidies awarded in 2011 amounted to 9 billion kuna, or 3 percent less than in 2010, and estimates for this year, of around 8.3 billion kuna, indicate a continuation of the positive trend of their reduction, said Olgica Spevec, Chairwoman of the Competition Council, at today’s press conference of the Competition Protection Agency (AZTN).

Presenting data from the Annual Report on subsidies in 2011, Spevec highlighted that last year, compared to 2010, the share of state subsidies in GDP was also reduced, from 2.85 to 2.7 percent, as well as the amount of state subsidies per capita – by 3 percent, to 2,045.7 kuna.

However, data from that report show that the reduction in the total amount of state subsidies occurred mainly under the influence of 8 percent lower subsidies to the economy (3.47 billion kuna), while subsidies for agriculture and fisheries, which have been continuously increasing since 2003, were increased by 3 percent last year, to 4.12 billion kuna. Subsidies for the transport sector were also 8 percent lower than in 2010, amounting to 1.4 billion kuna.

Spevec pointed out that subsidies to the economy were mainly awarded for the survival of struggling entrepreneurs, rather than to ‘good’ entrepreneurs to become even better, as is done by most EU member states, thereby helping direct competitors of Croatian exporters.

The bulk of total subsidies, nearly 77 percent, was paid out last year through grants, i.e., direct transfers from state and local budgets, followed by guarantees (12.4 percent), as the most common form of assistance in shipbuilding and transport. Tax exemptions (9.5 percent) also have a significant share, but, Spevec said, they were not often utilized due to the crisis, as these subsidies are tied to the profits of entrepreneurs.

When viewed according to the old map of statistical regions of Croatia, the largest portion of subsidies, excluding agriculture, went to so-called Adriatic Croatia, 2.3 billion kuna, which Spevec interprets as subsidies to shipyards and for maritime line transport. The least, 950 million kuna, went to so-called Pannonian Croatia, but Spevec emphasized that this number would be significantly higher if funds for agriculture were added, for which the Agency is not responsible for monitoring.

Data on sectoral subsidies show that shipbuilding received 705.6 million kuna last year, HŽ received 754.9 million kuna (without direct state transfers for infrastructure maintenance), while subsidies for broadcasting amounted to 1.17 billion kuna.

In response to journalists’ questions regarding the possibility of financing other media from funds collected for television subscriptions, Spevec said that this is possible, as 3 percent of those funds is paid into the Fund for Pluralism, which the Electronic Media Agency then distributes to media for financing part of the costs of producing public content. From these funds, for example, part of Hina’s costs could be financed, but it would need to be precisely determined which part of its work can be characterized as public content, and then it would not be considered state aid.