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Croatia Uses Too Little Energy from Wood

The founding group of the Association of Pellet and Wood Biomass Producers today established a new professional association at the Westin Hotel in Zagreb with the aim of promoting the use of pellets, briquettes, and wood biomass and affirming domestic producers.

The establishment of the Association was initiated by the wood cluster. In Croatia, the use of wood for energy production is very modest, below one percent of the total energy produced, while the potentials are significant. The lack of a domestic pellet market and the almost complete orientation towards export have prompted Croatian pellet producers to establish an Association that would highlight the advantages of using this ecological and efficient fuel, which can significantly change the current modest production of energy from renewable sources in Croatia.

The most widespread and advanced form of fuel from wood biomass is pellets, pressed mini cylinders 1-3 cm long and 6-10 mm in diameter, which are produced by pressing sawdust or grinding large wood residues or forest chips. Scandinavian countries such as Sweden and Finland, which have developed large energy systems for heating cities and producing electricity from wood, are synonymous with the use of wood in energy production. The use of wood for heating in households is becoming increasingly common, with France and Italy leading in Europe. Last year, 150,000 pellet stoves were sold in Italy, as this type of fuel achieves savings of 35% compared to gas, and the current pressures in the EU and Russian energy markets further favor the use of wood pellets as a long-term profitable and environmentally friendly energy source. Briquettes were a more popular fuel before pellets and were very widespread in the past decade in some developed countries. The limitation was related to distribution, as traditional briquettes are unfavorable for storage, mostly packaged in bags of 5-20 kg, and the biggest problem relates to loading the stoves, as the process cannot be automated, which has been achieved with burning wood pellets.

The main goal of the Association will be to promote the production of pellets and biomass from wood, and the main directions of action will focus on communication with state institutions responsible for creating and implementing energy policy to design and launch campaigns for greater use of pellets and wood biomass.

– We have production and capacities, and it is only necessary to achieve demand in the domestic market for these energy sources, said Herman Sušnik, State Secretary of the Ministry of Regional Development, Forestry, and Water Management. Croatia is relatively rich in forests, and we need to look to our neighbors, such as Slovenia, Italy, and Austria, who achieve outstanding results in the production of electricity from wood biomass. Unfortunately, there is weak interest in the use of biomass at HEP, it was emphasized at the meeting.

– Pellets and briquettes are made from what was previously considered waste and a problem, while today it is a profitable business. Croatia has significant quantities of these energy sources and great potential. Also, the production of pellets and electricity from pellets requires a significant workforce, and the development of this industry would mean the opening of a large number of new jobs, said Zdravko Žuža, President of the Association. Žuža also believes that the Faculty of Forestry has an extremely significant role in achieving the desired branding of Croatian pellets.

Obtaining energy from renewable energy sources, including energy from wood, is increasingly in focus for European Union countries. Currently, the EU 15 obtains about three percent of its energy from wood, while Estonia already covers 20 percent of its needs with wood energy. The philosophy of pellet production has peaked in recent years due to the enormously high oil prices that reached their highest levels in the past 25 years in 2007 and 2008, and the incentive policy that the EU has actively begun to implement. The EU offers generous subsidies for the production of this biofuel. – While Croatia will have to pay fines for not fulfilling its obligations under the Kyoto Protocol regarding the share of energy from renewable sources, Italy and Slovenia, by importing Croatian products, not only fulfill their obligations but also draw money from the EU, emphasized Žuža. (Zlatko Salahović)