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Insurers Outwit Fraudsters with Espionage

Policyholders damage insurers by five percent of the premium annually through various lies. The crisis has ‘awakened’ even more fraudsters, but insurers are increasingly able to expose them and initiate appropriate legal proceedings.

writes Tatjana Brebrić
[email protected]

Taking a knife, an axe, or any other cold weapon within reach and using it to injure oneself is unimaginable for most people. Doing something like that to obtain money from insurance, most would agree, is on the brink of madness. Nevertheless, even in Croatia, there are such examples.
– We have had cases where policyholders intentionally caused a fire, and certainly the most bizarre was the case of a policyholder who cut off his own finger trying to claim damages under his accident insurance policy – explains Iris Urem from Triglav Insurance.
As with all insurers in Croatia, the most common attempts at fraud at Triglav are less drastic, occurring in property insurance cases, primarily automobile insurance. The reason is self-evident since auto liability policies make up the majority of the market, leading to the most frequent attempts at fraud.

Footballers on Crutches
– Fraud also occurs in vehicle insurance, with the most common examples being traffic accidents that did not happen as described in the damage report – confirm those at Generali Insurance.   Thus, most fraudsters will try to spare their limbs and attempt to ‘extract’ money from insurers through less painful means, such as the bumper of their car. Therefore, some of the most common examples of fraud are related to property. 

 Detective Assistance
– The service of a detective agency is one option, but we mainly rely on the expertise and experience of the claims department staff. In our company, we have developed mechanisms and procedures that show significant results in detecting attempts at fraud – explain those at Uniqua Insurance. Most companies rely on the education and expertise of claims handlers, but in some cases, additional help is simply necessary.
– The services of detective agencies are applied when there is suspicion of attempted fraud, especially for larger claims, or in cases of theft and fraud – explain those at Velebit Insurance. The same is true at Basler Insurance Zagreb, which uses the services of detective agencies only in cases where there is established reasonable suspicion of attempted fraud during the claims process.

– In property insurance, the most common frauds are: intentional arson and over-insurance of property and equipment, staged burglary thefts, staged vehicle collisions under mandatory automobile liability insurance and comprehensive insurance, concealing previous illnesses when concluding life insurance contracts, and falsified medical documentation in accident insurance claims. In addition to the aforementioned examples of the most common frauds, there is also the method of presenting significantly higher damages than those actually caused by the insured event – explain those at Grawe.
It seems, therefore, that situations from movies where a participant in a traffic accident arrives in court with a neck brace and crutches and tries to ‘swindle’ the insurer, only to play football 25 minutes later on the other side of town – are still not so common, although certainly not unbelievable for insurance companies in Croatia. Insurers agree that the difficult economic situation contributes to this, as the number of attempted frauds increases with the severity of the economic crisis.

From Suspicion to Punishment
– The situation we are in certainly contributes to the market recently recording an increase in reports of fraudulent claims in insurance. From global and European experiences, it is estimated that fraud accounts for about two to five percent of the total premium in the insurance market. According to our analyses, Allianz has similar indicators. For example, we currently have 17 criminal charges filed against individuals we have determined attempted to fraudulently obtain compensation – confirms Sonja Miočić from Allianz. It is difficult to assess the exact data and how many frauds occur annually, but it seems that through various lies, policyholders manage to defraud insurers by five percent of the premium.  – The share of attempted frauds and executed frauds is quite difficult to estimate, as a reference figure for all insurance companies in Croatia is around 200 million kuna per year, and in the past five years, there have only been three final convictions for the crime of fraud in insurance. Regardless of the data presented, the trend is an increase in attempted frauds during crisis years – agree those at Velebit Insurance. On the other hand, it is certain that there is a tendency for the number of cases that insurers manage to prove as fraud or attempted abuse of insurance to increase. – While we could only suspect before, we are now increasingly able to prove such cases and initiate appropriate legal proceedings. Traffic police stations have actively engaged in fraud detection activities, and technological advancements allow traffic experts to simulate the dynamics of damage occurrence and accurately determine the existence of a causal link between the event and vehicle damage. The computerization of the health insurance system facilitates the detection of abuse of medical documentation, which was previously a lengthy and complicated process – explains Jasmina Müller from Uniqa Insurance.

Blacklist
Detecting fraud has thus become easier, which is very important for all insurers. Indeed, by exposing fraudsters, significant savings can be made. This is exceptionally well illustrated by the example of Croatia Insurance, which has intensified its efforts in the last ten months to prevent insurance abuses, resulting in a decrease of nearly 6,000 damage reports compared to last year. Additionally, the average damage amount has decreased. – Croatia Insurance, as part of its Anti-Corruption Plan, has formed a so-called Anti-Corruption Team that, in cooperation with the police, judicial experts, and the State Attorney’s Office, seeks to uncover any suspicion of a criminal act of insurance abuse or possible fraud. Furthermore, the damage assessment system Audatex allows us to internally monitor the work of each material damage estimator on motor vehicles – they explain in Croatia, where all damages exceeding 50,000 kuna are automatically checked and analyzed. In cooperation with the police and using their own database as well as that of the Croatian Insurance Bureau, they check the possible ‘suspicious history’ of drivers by vehicle chassis number and participant data. Croatia Insurance has thus established good cooperation with other insurance companies in recent months – Euroherc, Kvarner VIG Group, and Allianz, and they expect similar cooperation with Triglav soon. – We continuously work on our own ‘blacklist’ of policyholders for whom we have evidence that they attempted to commit fraud in insurance. In auto insurance, this means that such a policyholder will receive a mandatory auto insurance policy but not a comprehensive insurance policy – they explain.  Due to all this, domestic insurers are turning to detective agencies for help in exposing fraudsters, although the frequency of such cooperation varies from insurer to insurer. Thus, most insurers use detectives as occasional collaborators.

The Law of Numbers
Those who collaborate with detectives are generally satisfied with that cooperation, and it seems that due to the law of numbers, larger companies with a greater number of policyholders have more work for detectives. – As for private investigators, Allianz has been using their services for specific cases for many years and we are very satisfied with that cooperation. Engaging detective agencies in insurance is no different from when they are engaged by another industry or a private individual. They can dedicate themselves to a detailed investigation of a case and collect necessary information and evidence in the field over a longer period – explains Sonja Miočić. Given that the economic situation is difficult and does not seem to be improving soon, insurers will certainly have more work in Croatia in detecting attempts at fraud. On one hand, due to the decline the market is experiencing, they will have to be more careful to cut unnecessary costs by detecting fraud, i.e., not to waste money. But at the same time, they will also have to be much more cautious as it is very likely that the number of individuals attempting to defraud insurers in one way or another will increase. Mysterious people in raincoats armed with binoculars will likely play a crucial role.