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Lisbon Treaty Enters into Force

The Lisbon Treaty, after nearly a decade of efforts on institutional reforms, has today entered into force. The European Union should find it easier to respond to expectations in the areas of energy, climate change, cross-border crime, and gain greater weight on the international stage, reports hrt.hr.

The main changes brought by the treaty in the institutional structure of the EU include the introduction of the position of a permanent President of the European Council and a High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, who simultaneously holds the position of Vice-President of the European Commission. It is worth noting that EU leaders elected the former Belgian Prime Minister Herman van Rompuy as President and the British Catherine Ashton as High Representative. The new changes also abolish the system of rotating presidency of the European Council.

The Lisbon Treaty increases the number of policy areas in which the European Parliament will have the right to co-decide together with the member states. These are sensitive areas such as justice, security, and immigration, and national parliaments are given the opportunity for the first time to express their opinions when European laws are being made. The new treaty provides for an increase in the number of areas where decisions are made by qualified majority instead of unanimously, particularly in the area of cooperation in justice and home affairs.

A new voting system of double majority is also introduced, whereby at least 55 percent of member states representing at least 65 percent of the population must vote in favor of a new law for it to pass. For the first time, it also introduces the possibility for any member state to leave the European Union under conditions that must be negotiated with their partners.

The Portuguese government, in cooperation with the Swedish presidency of the EU and the European Commission, is organizing a ceremony in Lisbon on Tuesday, where the treaty was signed on December 13, 2007. The ceremony will be attended by the presidents of all European institutions, including the first permanent President of the European Council, Herman van Rompuy. In Zagreb, the treaty will be presented by the head of the EC Delegation in Croatia, Paul Vandoren, and the Swedish ambassador to Croatia, Frederik Vahlquist. (H)